Short and Long-Term Disability

Short-term disability usually replaces part of your income for a limited period, often after a brief waiting period. Long-term disability typically begins after a longer waiting period and can continue for months or years, depending on the policy. Benefits often replace a percentage of your earnings rather than your full pay. Some policies are employer paid, while others are paid by employees, which can affect taxes on benefits. Your summary plan description explains the details. Some people have both an employer plan and a private policy they bought themselves, and each needs its own claim. Read the definition of disability in each policy, since it affects when benefits are paid.

Contact your human resources department or the insurance company to start a claim. You will usually need forms completed by you, your employer and your doctor. The medical portion should explain your diagnosis, treatment and how your condition limits your job duties. Submit forms promptly and keep copies. Ask about the elimination period, which is the time you must wait before benefits begin, and how disability benefits coordinate with sick leave, FMLA and Social Security. Insurers may also ask for periodic updates from your doctor while benefits continue, so keep copies of what is sent.

Many long-term disability policies reduce benefits by the amount of other income, such as Social Security Disability Insurance, and may require you to apply for SSDI. If your claim is denied, read the denial letter for reasons and deadlines. Employer plans often follow federal rules that require an internal appeal, and the record you build during that appeal can matter later. Submit additional medical records and a doctor's letter. A disability attorney can help with complex appeals. Continue sending updated records while an appeal is pending, since new test results or treatment changes can strengthen the claim.

1. 1

   Request your disability plan documents from human resources and note waiting periods and benefit percentages.

2. 2

   Ask your oncologist's office to complete disability forms promptly and accurately.

3. 3

   Apply for SSDI if your long-term disability policy requires it.

4. 4

   Appeal any denial in writing before the deadline and include additional medical evidence.